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@#Glycosylation of proteins, one of the most prevalent and complex post-translational modifications occurring in nature, plays a crucial role in regulating protein net charge, conformation, binding properties and, ultimately, biological function.Traditional structural techniques are not amenable for glycoproteins due to the inherent heterogeneity of oligosaccharides.With the advances in analytical technique, mass spectrometry displays an increasingly crucial role in elucidating the structure of glycoproteins.Mass spectrometry-based proteomic technique can dissect the chemical composition and site information of low-abundance glycosylation at the peptide level.Instead, native mass spectrometry (nMS) can analyze intact glycoproteins while maintaining the information for glycan heterogeneity, and the insights into the regulatory effects of glycosylation on protein higher order structures and interactions with other proteins or ligands.As a representative structural mass spectrometry tool, ion mobility-based nMS strategy is powered by its conformer-resolving capability and by the feasibility of conformer manipulation through collision-induced unfolding.Consequently, native IM-MS analysis can provide rich information of dynamic protein conformations, allowing for the rapid identification and differentiation of protein isoforms in an unprecedented manner.In this review, we briefly introduced two emerging native IM-MS analytical modes, dynamic conformer-resolving mode and glycoform-resolving mode.Besides, we also discussed the recent progress of conformational and topological characterization of intact glycoproteins with three typical model systems based on two above-mentioned emerging modes of native IM-MS.
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Objective:To evaluate the accuracy of Cerec Bluecam and Cerec Omnicam with 3D printed resin models.Methods:A metal master model including 4 cylindrical metal preparations on the model base,respectively simulating the maxillary canine and the first molar preparations,was prepared.The right canine and the right first molar were respectively marked as A and B,and the left as C and D.The master model was scanned respectively by Cerec Bluecam and Cerec Omnicam for 10 times,10 digital models were genera-ted in Bluecam group and Omnnicam group respectively.Resin models were obtained by a 3D printer based on the digital models,the distance of AB,AC,BD and the diameter(d)of A were respectively measured.Statistical analysis was conducted by SPSS 13.0 soft-ware.Results:The distance of AB,AC,BD of master model and Bluecam group showed significant difference(P 0.05);the distance of AC,BD of master model and Omnicam group showed significant difference(P 0.05).All the distances of the Bluecam group and Omnicam group showed significant difference(P <0.05).Conclusion:The scanning accuracy of Cerec Bluecam is higher than that of Cerec Omnicam in a single preparation scanning.When the scanning area ex-tending,the scanning accuracy of Cerec Omnicam is higher than that of Cerec Bluecam.
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Objective The variation of serum thyroid hormones within the euthyroid range may be associated with insulin sensitivity.The study was to investigate whether the variation of thyroid hormones within the euthyroid range could influence insulin sensitivity in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods 200 elderly inpatients and outpatients with type 2 diabetes were collected from September 2013 to May 2014 in our hospital for T2DM group.150 normal controls with normal glucose metabolism were taken as the control group.Blood samples were collected after 75g oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) on all the re-search objects.Questionaire survey, physical examination and related metabolic index test were also done on them .Chemilumines-cence method were applied to detect their insulin, thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH), FT3 and FT4. Results FT3 levels were significantly lower in T2DM group than in control group[(4.05 ±0.27 )pmol/L vs (4.61 ±0.5)pmol/L), P<0.05].TSH levels were significantly higher in T2DM group than in control group[(2.75 ±1.07) IU/mL vs (2.28 ±0.89) IU/mL, P<0.05], while there was no significant difference as to FT4 levels between these two groups.All subjects were divided into three groups according to the tertiles of FT3 level, Matsuda index of high FT3 level group were significantly higher in comparison to middle and low FT3 level groups, while there was no significant difference as to HOMA-IR in the three groups.FT3 levels were negatively correlated with HO-MA-IR and positively correlated with Matsuda index .After stepwise regression analysis, there was significant positive association be-tween FT3 and Matsuda index. Conclusion Thyroid hormone especially FT3 is significantly associated with insulin resistance .FT3 may participate in the development of type 2 diabetes, which pro-vides a new treatment for T2DM.
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With the increasing international exchange of medical education , frequent exchanges increasingly of medical personnel through the cross-border and trans-regional .It caused widespread concern about the quality of medical education in different countries .This review focus on quality performance on the certification requirements of the standard of medical education .We take it as an opportunity to assess international medical education accredi-tation, and promote the reformation of teaching and examination .We tried to explore and establish the full quality assessment system for biochemistry .
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Not only does autophagy play a vital role in maintaining kidney cell survival and homeostasis,but al-so it is involved in the pathophysiology of several kidney diseases. Recent studies have indicated that autophagy was ac-tivated in kidney cells during acute kidney injury and its regulatory mechanism was unclear. Autophagy activation in kidney may be associated with oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, hypoxia inducible factor-1α, p53 and Bcl-2 family. The role of autophagy in acute kidney injury is still controversial. Most believe that it plays a protective role during acute kidney injury. Therefore autophagy will become a novel and potential target for the prevention and treatment of acute kidney injury.
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DNaseⅠhypersensitive sites (DHSs) are regions of extreme chromatin which is highly sensitive to DNaseⅠ.Ge-nome-wide mapping DHSs is a powerful method for identifying many different types of regulatory elements within nuclear chromatin .It can help systematically resolve gene and genomic information , and the dynamic molecular mechanism of transcriptional regulation .This paper reviews the distribution of DHSs , the technology of DNase-seq and the research progress in transcriptional regulation functions of DHSs.
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[Summary] The effects of lipid components on insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2DM) and control subjects were explored. The results demonstrated that in control group, disposal index( DI)0 was positively correlated with high density cholesterol(HDL-C), while DI30 was negatively correlated with total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides( TG) and low density cholesterol ( LDL-C), and DI120 was also negatively correlated with TC and LDL-C. In T2DM group, DI0 was negatively correlated with TC and LDL-C, DI30 was negatively correlated with TC, TG, LDL-C and TG/ HDL-C, DI120 was negatively correlated with TC, TG, LDL-C and TG/ HDL-C.
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This review focuses on the current literatures on the therapeutic potential of non-renal derived adult stem cell transplantation for kidney disease.Although the therapeutic mechanism remains debatable,some reports suggest that hematopoietic stem cell transplantation holds potential for treatment of renal diseases such as renal ischemia reperfusion injury,IgA nephropathy and lupus nephritis.Mesenchymal stem cell(MSC) are capable of homing to injured kidney and contribute to activate intrinsic kidney cells,promote angiogenesis,inhibit oxidative stress and reduce apoptosis,inflammation and renal fibrosis.These renoprotective effects are likely mediated by paracrine/autocrine mechanism via cytokine and microvesicles from MSC.Pluripotent stem cells may be induced from fibroblast,mesangial cells,renal tubular epithelial cell and urine epithelial cell.Induced pluripotent stem cell(iPSC) can differentiate into renal lineage cells.The derivation of kidney disease-specific iPSC opens new avenues for the resolution to limited donor availability in kidney transplantation and for treating kidney diseases such as diabetic nephropathy and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
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Objective To investigate the inhibitive effect of antisense VEGF165 cDNA on growth and angiogensis of human neuroblastoma in nude mouse models.Methods Three kinds of SH-SY5Y cells which had been stably transfected by sense VEGF165 cDNA,antisense VEGF165 cDNA and empty vector respectively,were inoculated subcutaneously to nude mice.The size of subcutaneous tumors was measured,and the morphology of tumor tissue was observed by microscope.The microvessel density(MVD)in tumor mass was analyzed by CD31 immunohistochemistry staining.Apoptotic cells were detected by the electron microscope.Results The growth of tumor mass,which was inoculated with antisense VEGF,significantly decreased in nude mice compared with empty vector group(P
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Objective: Insulin glargine is a new long-acting basal insulin analogue.Glimepiride is an anti-diabetic drug with action independent of the pancreas.In this study,the efficacy and safety of glargine plus glimepiride in the treatment of elderly diabetic patients were evaluated.Methods: Sixty-five elderly diabetic patients were randomly assigned to receive Neutral protamine hagedorn insulin(NPH) plus glimepiride(n=19),and glargine plus glimepiride(n=21).The dose of insulin was adjusted according to the fasting blood glucose(FBG) level,with the target FBG
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To arrive at correct diagnosis of pulmonary solitary nodule by clinical manifestation and chest CT scan.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety-eight patients with pulmonary solitary nodule were treated from 1990 to 2000. Their CT findings with clinical manifestations were correlated with the pathology results.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 98 patients, there were 46 (46.9%) lung cancers, 14 (14.3%) benign tumors, 38 (38.8%) tuberculosis. Fifty-six (57.1%) patients had been asymptomatic or only associated with cough and sputum. 50% of these patients had stage I lung cancer. Tuberculosis was diagnosed more frequently in young patients with protracted feverishness, night sweats, chest and back pain, whereas lung cancer was more common in older patients who were asymptomatic or associated only with cough, sputum and hemoptysis. Lesions with well-defined margin, smooth and in the middle lobe by chest CT was suggestive of benign tumor, while those with irregular margin, un-even density, spiculated margin, lobulated contour and pleural shrinkage were more commonly associated with lung cancer. Those with calcification and in the lower lobe implied tuberculosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Screening of high risk population is useful in finding early lung cancer. Pulmonary solitary nodule can be correctly diagnosed chiefly by referring to the clinical manifestations and characteristics of chest CT scans. Nodules less than 1cm across are difficult to diagnose and, therefore, exploration is indicated.</p>